Communication & Interpersonal Skills

What is communication ?

Communication and interpersonal skills are very important for the functioning of any system/society. Whether you are in a family, administration, government or a private institution, if you are working or running any place, then communication and personality skills are very important to make it successful. Without this, work cannot be done and cannot be operated.

This has been included in our civil service examination so that an administrator should have efficient communication and personality because the administration has a big responsibility of our governance system. The entire governance system gets its work done through the administration. Let us know what is communication?

”Communication is a process through which we convey our thoughts, feelings, information to others and get feedback from them. It is a bridge that connects us to each other and strengthens our relationships. Communication is not limited to words only, but it also takes place through non-verbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions and tone of voice.”

” Communication is a process through which we convey our thoughts, feelings, information to others and receive feedback from them. It is a bridge that connects us to each other and makes our relationships strong. Communication is not limited to words only, but it also takes place through non-verbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions and tone of voice.”

Key Elements of the Communication Process

1.Sender

2.Encoding

3.Channel

4.Decoding

5.Receiver

6.Feedback

1.Sender : In the context of communication, the sender is the individual or group that initiates the communication process. They are responsible for formulating the message, encoding it into a suitable format

2.Encoding : Encoding is the process of converting thoughts, ideas, or information into a message that can be understood by others.

3.Channel : In the context of communication, a channel refers to the medium or pathway through which a message is transmitted from the sender to the receiver.

4.Decoding : Decoding is the process of interpreting an encoded message. It’s the receiver’s job to decipher the symbols and language used by the sender to understand the intended meaning.

5.Receiver : The receiver is the person or group who receives the message sent by the sender. They are responsible for interpreting the message, understanding its meaning.

6.Feedback : Feedback is the response or reaction given by the recipient of a message to the sender.

Types of Communication

Communication can take various forms and take place through various channels, here are some types of communication.

1.Verbal Communication

a.Face-to-face communication: Direct contact between individuals.

b.Phone conversations

c.Meetings and discussions

2.Written communication

a..Email

b.Letters and memos

c.Reports and proposals

3.Nonverbal communication

a.Body language

b.Eye contact

c.Proxemics

4.Visual communication

5.Digital communication

6.Interpersonal communication

7.Formal communication

8.Informal communication

9.Cross culture communication

10.Mass communication

11.Meta communication

12.Formal communication

13.Downward communication

14.Upward communication

15.Lateral communication

16.Diagonal communication

1.Verbal Communication

Verbal communication is the use of words to share information with others. It can be either spoken or written. It’s a fundamental aspect of human interaction, allowing us to express thoughts, ideas, and feelings.

a.Face-to-face communication

b.Phone conversations

c.Meetings and discussions

2.Written communication

Written communication is the exchange of information through written language. It encompasses a wide range of formats, from traditional letters and memos to modern digital communication like emails and social media posts.

a..Email

b.Letters and memos

c.Reports and proposals

3.Nonverbal communication

Nonverbal communication, often referred to as body language, is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. It includes a wide range of cues.

a.Body language

b.Eye contact

c.Proxemics : This is the invisible bubble around each person that represents their comfort zone. The size of this bubble can vary depending on cultural norms, individual preferences, and the nature of the relationship.

4.Visual communication
Visual communication is the use of visual aids to convey information or ideas. It leverages images, graphics, and other visual elements to enhance understanding and engagement.

5.Digital communication
Digital communication is the exchange of information using digital signals. It involves the transmission of data in binary code (0s and 1s) over various digital networks.

6.Interpersonal communication

Interpersonal communication is the exchange of information, ideas, and feelings between two or more people. It

involves both verbal and nonverbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice.

7.Formal communication

Formal communication is the exchange of official information between people within an organization, following a set of rules and standards.

8.Informal communication
Informal communication is a type of communication that occurs outside of formal channels. It’s often spontaneous, casual, and less structured than formal communication. It’s characterized by its flexibility and the personal nature of the interactions.

9.Cross culture communication

Cross-cultural communication is the exchange of information between people from different cultural backgrounds. It involves understanding and navigating cultural differences to facilitate effective communication.

10.Mass communication

Mass communication is the process of sharing information with a large audience through mass media. It involves the use of various channels to disseminate information, news, entertainment, and advertising.

11.Meta communication

Metacommunication is communication about communication. It’s the process of communicating about the process of communication itself. It’s the unspoken rules, the hidden meanings, and the context that surrounds a message.

12.Downward communication

Downward communication is a type of communication where information flows from higher levels of an organization to lower levels. It’s a top-down approach, typically initiated by management and directed towards employees.

14.Upward communication

Upward communication is the flow of information from lower levels of an organization to higher levels. It’s a bottom-up approach where employees share their ideas, concerns, suggestions, and feedback with their supervisors and managers.

15.Lateral communication

Lateral communication is the exchange of information between individuals at the same hierarchical level within an organization. It involves communication between peers or colleagues who are at similar positions in the organizational structure.

16.Diagonal communication

Diagonal communication is a type of communication that cuts across different levels and departments within an organization. It involves direct interaction between employees who are not in the same chain of command.

Communication barriers

1.Language barriers

2.Cultural barriers

3.Physical barriers

4.Psychological barriers

5.Perceptual

6.Semantic barriers

7.Organizational barriers

8.Technological barriers

9.Personal barriers

10.Interpersonal barriers

11.Gender Concept

1.Language barriers

Language barriers are obstacles that hinder effective communication between individuals who speak different languages or dialects. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings, frustration, and a breakdown in communication.

2.Cultural barriers

Cultural barriers are obstacles that hinder effective communication between people from different cultural backgrounds. These barriers arise from differences in values, beliefs, customs, and behaviors.

3.Physical barriers

Physical barriers are obstacles that hinder effective communication due to physical factors. These barriers can impede the transmission or reception of messages.

4.Psychological barriers

Psychological barriers are mental or emotional obstacles that can hinder effective communication. They can stem from various sources, including personal experiences, emotions, perceptions, and attitudes. These barriers often lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and conflicts, reducing the effectiveness of communication.

5.Perceptual
Perceptual barriers are mental blocks that can hinder effective communication. They arise from differences in how individuals perceive, interpret, or process information. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and conflicts.

6.Semantic barriers

Semantic barriers are obstacles in communication that arise from differences in the meaning or interpretation of words and symbols. These barriers can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, hindering effective communication.

7.Organizational barriers
Organizational barriers are obstacles within a company that prevent effective communication and information flow.

8.Technological barriers
Technological barriers are obstacles that hinder effective communication due to limitations or issues with technology. They can significantly impact the quality and efficiency of communication, especially in today’s digital age.

9.Personal barriers
Personal barriers are individual obstacles that can hinder effective communication. These barriers can be psychological, emotional, or behavioral.

10.Interpersonal barriers
Interpersonal barriers are obstacles that hinder effective communication between individuals. These barriers can arise from various factors, including psychological, emotional, and social differences.

11.Gender Concept
Gender is a social construct that refers to the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.

Overcoming barriers

1.Active inventory

2.Clear expression

3.Feedback

4.Cultural sensitivity

5.Emotional intelligence

6.Use of technology

1.Active inventory

An active listing is a property, item, or service that is currently available for purchase or sale. It’s actively being marketed and promoted, and potential buyers or customers can inquire about it or make an offer.

2.Clear expression

3.Feedback

4.Cultural sensitivity

5.Emotional intelligence

7.Use of technology

Important part of good communication

1.Attentive presence:

2.Nonverbal cues:

3.Summarizing:

4.Reflecting feelings:

5.Asking clarifying questions

6.Avoiding barriers Decision making:

7.Empathy:

8.Providing feedback:

9.Patience

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