GEOGRAPHY OPTIONAL FOR CSE/IAS
Geography Paper -1
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
1.Geomorphology
2.Climatology
3.Oceanography
4.Biogeography
5.Environmental
Human Geography
6.Perspectives in Human Geography
7.Economic Geography
8.Population and Settlement Geography
9.Regional Planning
10.Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geograph
Geography Paper- 2
1.Physical Setting
2.Resources
3.Agriculture
4.Industry
5.Transport, Communication, and Trade
6.Cultural Setting
7.Settlements
8.Regional Development and Planning
9.Political Aspects
10.Contemporary Issues
Note : Indian Map related question will be part of paper 2
Syllabus of Geography topic wise
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
1.Geomorphology
1.Factors controlling landform development
2.Endogenetic and exogenetic forces
3.Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust
4.Fundamentals of geomagnetism
5.Physical conditions of the earth’s interior
6.Geosynclines
7.Continental drift
8.Isostasy
9.Plate tectonics
10.Recent views on mountain building;
10.Vulcanicity
11.Earthquakes and Tsunamis
12.Concepts of geomorphic cycles and Landscape development
13.Denudation chronology
14.Channel morphology
15.Erosion surfaces
16.Slope development
17.Applied Geomorphology: Geohydrology, economic geology, and environment.
2.Climatology
1.Temperature and pressure belts of the world
2.Heat budget of the earth
3.Atmospheric circulation
4.Atmospheric stability and instability
5.Planetary and local winds
6.Monsoons and jet streams
7.Air masses and frontogenesis, Temperate cyclones and tropical cyclones
8.Types and distribution of precipitation
9.Weather and Climate
10.Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’s classification of world climates
10.Hydrological cycle
11.Global climatic change and role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology and Urban climate.
3.Oceanography
1.Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans
2.Oceanography
3.Temperature and salinity of the oceans
4.Heat and salt budgets, Ocean deposits
5.Waves, currents and tides
6.Marine resources: biotic, mineral and energy resources
7.Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sea-level changes
8.Law of the sea and marine pollution.
4.Biogeography
1.The genesis of soils
2.Classification and distribution of soils
3.Soil profile
4.Soil erosion, Degradation, and conservation
5.Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals
6.Problems of deforestation and conservation measures
7.Social forestry
8.Agroforestry
9.Wildlife
10.Major gene pool centres
5.Environmental Geography
1.Principle of ecology
2.Human ecological adaptations
3.Influence of Man on ecology and environment
4.Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances
4.Ecosystem their management and conservation
5.Environmental degradation, management, and conservation
5.Biodiversity and sustainable development
6.Environmental policy
7.Environmental hazards and remedial measures
8.Environmental education and legislation
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
6.Perspectives in Human Geography
1.Areal differentiation
2.Regional synthesis
3.Dichotomy and dualism
4.Environmentalism
5.Quantitative revolution and locational analysis
6.Radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches
7.Languages, religions, and secularisation
8.Cultural regions of the world
9.Human Development Index
7.Economic Geography
- World economic development: measurement and problems
- World resources and their distribution
- Energy crisis; the limits to growth
- World agriculture: a typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputs and productivity
- Food and nutrition problems
- Food security
- Famine: causes, effects and remedies
- World Industries: locational patterns and problems
- Patterns of world trade
8.Population and Settlement Geography
1.Growth and distribution of world population
2.Demographic attributes
3.Causes, types and consequences of migration
4.Concepts of the over-under-and optimum population
5.Population theories, world population problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life
5.The population as social capital. Types and patterns of rural settlements
6.Environmental issues in rural settlements
7.Hierarchy of urban settlements
8.Urban morphology: Concepts of primate city and rank-size rule
9.Functional classification of towns
10.Sphere of urban influence
11.Rural-urban fringe
12.Satellite towns
13.Problems and remedies of urbanization
14.Sustainable development of cities.
9.Regional Planning
1.Concept of a region
2.Types of regions and methods of regionalization
3.Growth centres and growth poles
3.Regional imbalances
4.Regional development strategies
5.Environmental issues in regional planning
6.Planning for sustainable development
10.Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography
1.Systems analysis in Human geography
2.Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models
3.Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch
4.Perroux and Boudeville
5.Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location
6.Weber’s model of industrial location
7.Rostow’s model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories
8.Laws of international boundaries and frontiers.
INDIAN GEOGRAPHY
Physical Setting
1.Space relationship of India with neighboring countries
2.Structure and relief
3.Drainage systems and watersheds
4.Physiographic regions
5.Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones, and western disturbances
6.Floods and droughts
7.Climatic regions
8.Natural vegetation
8.Soil types and their distributions
Resources
1.Land, natural, surface and groundwater, energy, minerals, water, biotic and marine resources
2.Forest and wildlife resources and their conservation
3.Energy crisis
Agriculture
1.Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power
2.Institutional factors: landholdings, land tenure, and land reforms
3.Cropping pattern, agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability
4.Agro and social-forestry
5.Green Revolution and its Socio-economic and ecological implications
Significance of dry farming
6.Livestock Resources and white revolution
7.Aquaculture
8.Sericulture, Apiculture And Poultry
9.Agricultural Regionalization
10.Agro-Climatic Zones
11.Agroecological Regions
Industry
1.Evolution of industries
2.Locational factors of cotton textile, jute, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical, automobile, cottage and agro-based industries
3.Industrial houses and complexes, including public sector undertakings Industrial regionalization
4.New industrial policies
5.Multinationals and liberalization
6.Special Economic Zones
7.Tourism including eco-tourism
Transport, Communication, and Trade
1.Road, railway, waterway, airway, and pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development
2.The growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance Trade Policy
3.Export processing zones
4.Developments in communication and information technology and their impacts on the economy and society
5.Indian space program
Cultural Setting
1.Historical Perspective of Indian Society
2.Racial, linguistic, and ethnic diversities
3.Religious minorities
4.Major tribes, tribal areas, and their problems
5.Cultural regions
6.Growth, distribution, and density of population
7.Demographic attributes: sex ratio, age structure, literacy rate, workforce, dependency ratio, longevity
8.Migration (inter-regional, intra- regional, and international) and associated problems
9.Population problems and policies
10.Health indicators
Settlements
1.Types, patterns, and Morphology of rural settlements
2.Urban developments
3.Morphology of Indian cities
4.Functional classification of Indian cities
5.Conurbations and metropolitan regions
6.Urban sprawl
7.Slums and associated problems
8.Town planning
9.Problems of Urbanization and remedies
Regional Development and Planning
1.Experience of regional planning in India
2.Five Year Plans
3.Integrated rural development programs
4.Panchayati Raj and decentralized planning
5.Command area development
6.Watershed management
7.Planning for the backward area, desert, drought-prone, hill, tribal area development
8.Multi-level planning
9.Regional planning and development of island territories
Political Aspects
1.Geographical Basis of Indian Federalism
2.State reorganization
3.The emergence of new states
4.Regional consciousness and inter-state issues
5.The international boundary of India and related issues
6.Cross border terrorism
7.India’s Role in world affairs
8.Geopolitics of South Asia and Indian Ocean realm.
Contemporary Issues
1.Ecological issues
2.Environmental hazards: landslides, earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics
3.Issues relating to environmental pollution
4.Changes in patterns of land use
5.Principles of environmental impact assessment and environmental management
6.Population explosion and food security
7.Environmental degradation
8.Deforestation, desertification, and soil erosion
9.Problems of Agrarian and industrial unrest
10.Regional disparities in economic development
11.Environmental awareness
12.Linkage of rivers; Globalisation and Indian economy.